Chapter 18 - Hawaii

Finding something to talk about to relate Chicago was particularly difficult.  I had no idea at first of where to start.  But after re-reading the chapter I decided to look at the uneven development of Chicago and the segregation that still exist.  I found the following article to be interesting from the ASA(American Sociologist Association).  This is in the relation to the segregation and disparity that native Hawaiians encounter.

Battling Uneven Development in Chicago

Sixth in a series of articles in anticipation of the 1999 ASA Annual Meeting in Chicago

by Phil Nyden, Loyola University Chicago, and Gwen Nyden, Oakton Community College Like many cities, Chicago is a city of contrasts‹between rich and poor, black and white, Latino and Anglo, immigrant and non-immigrant. But uneven development has been apparent in Chicago for many years. Through the early 1980s, Harvey Zorbaugh's 1928 classic, The Gold Coast and the Slum, could have been used as a walking tour guide. The contrast between the Gold Coast mansions just north of the Magnificent Mile (along North Michigan Avenue) and the low-income neighborhood just six blocks to the west was still present. In 1980, nine of the 15 poorest neighborhoods in the U.S. were in Chicago. Last year, Chicago was listed as the third most segregated city in the United States (after Gary and Detroit). While other Northeastern and Midwestern older industrial cities provided tough competition for this highly questionable distinction, Chicago's long history of housing segregation, local race-based politics, and discriminatory lending practices has left a lasting mark on the social landscape of the nation's third city. The symbolism of uneven development even carries through into professional sports. With its distinct uptown character, Wrigley Field, home to the Cubs, is affectionately described as the "friendly confines." The historic field in gentrified "Wrigleyville," full of popular bars and trendy restaurants, is a sharp contrast to the cement coliseum build on the Southside for the White Sox. Comisky Park, rarely described by the media as being in a "neighborhood," is across a 12-lane interstate from Taylor Homes and Stateway Gardens, two of the greatest concentrations of public housing in the United States. Just to the west of this new stadium is Bridgeport, the working class community that had long been home to Mayor Richard J. Daley (the "original" Mayor Daley). A few years ago Bridgeport was abandoned by son Mayor Richard M. Daley in favor of the trendy new Central Station neighborhood at the south end of Grant Park. Retail businesses and other investments had preceded Richard M. in the exodus from Bridgeport, reflecting the patterns of disinvestment typical of many former white ethnic neighborhoods. There are many other signs of continued uneven development. Following the decline of basic industrial employment which hit some Chicago neighborhoods hard in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Chicago has more recently been riding an economic boom. While investment have found its way into most neighborhoods, the trickle of money coming into some low-income communities has been overshadowed by the flood of money being pumped into Chicago's central business district. Similarly, Chicago's lakefront park system is biased toward the more white and more affluent Northside. A recent Chicago Tribune series on Chicago's park system pointed to inequities in public investment. In addition to having double the acreage of the southern lakefront, the northern lakefront has more food concession stands, playgrounds, marinas, and other amenities. New figures on Chicago Transit Authority budget planning indicate that through 2002, $65 million will be spent to improve downtown subway stations while only $15 million will be spent on all the other stations in the entire system. You will not have to walk very far from the ASA host hotel to see the boom in hotel, retail, and housing investment boom taking place in the Loop and North Michigan Avenue area. A recent Brookings Institution report projects that 90,000 new residents will move into the central business district in the next 10 years. These will be primarily young and middle-aged professionals with typical individual earnings in excess of $100,000 annually. Along North Michigan Avenue, a new development will include more upscale stores and a multi-story Disney "urban" theme park (opening before August 1999) and other upscale retailers. The millions of dollars pouring into new retail and entertainment development continues a decades-long development "winning streak" for the city's Magnificent Mile." To continue to the rest of this article follow the link here.

Chapter 16 - The North Pacific Coast

One of the most striking physical aspects of the North Pacific Coast is the woodlands.  In a comparison with the area of Chicago, the Pacific Coast is no comparison at all.  But the area around Chicago and down the Chicago River have a unique mixture of its own beauty.

"Woodlands: A Forest by Many Names

Although a forest most readily comes to mind when thinking of trees, several types of wooded communities comprise the unique heritage of Chicago Wilderness.

In savannas, trees stand as lone sentinels among grassland. The bur oak is the most iconic tree of the Midwestern savanna, although white and red oaks are also common. Middlefork Savanna in Lake Forest, Lake County, is a defining example of a savanna in Chicago Wilderness. The 500 acre savanna is located on the middle fork of the Chicago River’s North Branch.

Sun-dappled open woodlands of the Chicago region are one of the most distinctive and diverse in the native landscape. Trees in woodlands grow closer together than those in savannas and are transitional areas between savannas and forests. Open woodlands are home to spectacular concentrations of wildlife, thanks to the many native nut bearing trees — oaks, hickories and walnuts.

Flatwoods develop on land that is flat or gently sloping and are globally endangered habitats, according to The Nature Conservancy. A layer of clay below the surface restricts the movement of water into the ground. During the spring and early summer, water may stand on the surface in puddles and shallow ponds. Flatwoods are crucial amphibian breeding grounds. Salamanders, frogs and toads lay eggs in the ponds, safe from fish. Flatwoods also provide habitat for endangered and threatened plant species such as the purple-fringed orchid and dog violet.

Forests are dense with trees; the treetop canopy covers 80 — 100% of the habitat. Birds, insects, amphibians and reptiles all depend on forests, as do many of the 50 native mammals of the region, including the beaver, river otter, bats, star-nosed mole and white-footed mouse."

-Chicago Wilderness

Chicago Wilderness is a non-profit organization thats aim is to restore the natural and elegant beauty down the length of the Chicago river and the surrounding prairie area.

Chapter 15 - California

Well here it gets a little more complicated.  Trying to describe Chicago with a relation to California.  Kinda difficult considering they are located on two opposite sides of the country.  So what I have chosen to do is relate the make up of Chicago to the urban landscape of Los Angeles.  Now, Los Angeles has is made up of various incorporated  areas,  they are all described and talked about as if one whole of Los Angeles.

Now in Chicago, the does have a set area of bounds and does not really traverse outside of those bounds.  But with in the City, there are various neighborhoods that consist of their own identity such as the make up of Los Angeles.  This makes the make up of the city unique and hard to pinpoint the center of the city.

"Cartographers distinguish between over 200 neighborhoods and 77 community areas in the City of Chicago (Illinois, United States). A semi-official neighborhood map still in use by the City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development was created in the 1970s by researchers who went from door-to-door in Chicago, asking "What neighborhood is this?".^[1]

Unlike the broader, yet well-defined community areas, Chicago neighborhood names, multiplicity, and boundaries are notoriously dynamic and fuzzy.^[2] Neighborhoods are often renamed and redefined by realtors, landlords, and developers for marketing purposes.^[3] The boundaries may also change as a result of gentrification, immigration, highway development, or other very large developments, such as urban renewel projects. Often, two residents of the same neighborhood will describe different neighborhood boundaries, which may be based on zip codes, ethnic groupings, oral history, or simply personal opinion."

-Wikipedia

Chicago Neighborhoods (listed alphabetically)
	Neighborhood	Community Area
1	Albany Park	Albany Park
2	Altgeld Gardens	Riverdale
3	Andersonville	Edgewater
4	Archer Heights	Archer Heights
5	Armour Square	Armour Square
6	Ashburn	Ashburn
7	Ashburn Estates	Ashburn
8	Auburn Gresham	Auburn Gresham
9	Austin	Austin
10	Avalon Park	Avalon Park
11	Avondale	Avondale
12	Back of the Yards	New City
13	Belmont Gardens	Hermosa
14	Belmont Heights	Dunning
15	Belmont Terrace	Dunning
16	Beverly	Beverly
17	Beverly View	Ashburn
18	Beverly Woods	Morgan Park
19	Big Oaks	Norwood Park
20	Boystown	Lakeview
21	Bowmanville	Lincoln Square
22	Brainerd	Washington Heights
23	Brickyard	Belmont Cragin
24	Bridgeport	Bridgeport
25	Brighton Park	Brighton Park
26	Bronzeville	Douglas
27	Bucktown	Logan Square
28	Budlong Woods	Lincoln Square
29	Buena Park	Uptown
30	Burnside	Burnside
31	Cabrini–Green	Near North Side
32	Calumet Heights	Calumet Heights
33	Canaryville	New City
34	Central Station	Near South Side
35	Chatham	Chatham
36	Chicago Lawn	Chicago Lawn
37	Chinatown	Armour Square
38	Chrysler Village	Clearing
39	Clarendon Park	Uptown
40	Clearing	Clearing
41	Cottage Grove Heights	Pullman
42	Cragin	Belmont Cragin
43	Crestline	Ashburn
44	Dearborn Park	Near South Side
45	DePaul	Lincoln Park
46	Douglas	Douglas
47	Dunning	Dunning
48	East Garfield Park	East Garfield Park
49	East Side	East Side
50	East Village	West Town
51	Eden Green	Riverdale
52	Edgebrook	Forest Glen
53	Edgewater	Edgewater
54	Edgewater Glen	Edgewater
55	Edison Park	Edison Park
56	Englewood	Englewood
57	Epic	Edgewater
58	Fernwood	Roseland
59	Fifth City	East Garfield Park
60	Ford City	West Lawn
61	Forest Glen	Forest Glen
62	Fuller Park	Fuller Park
63	Fulton River District	Near West Side
64	Gage Park	Gage Park
65	Galewood	Austin
66	Garfield Ridge	Garfield Ridge
67	Gladstone Park	Jefferson Park
68	Golden Gate	Riverdale
69	Goose Island	Near North Side
70	Grand Boulevard	Grand Boulevard
71	Grand Crossing	Greater Grand Crossing
72	Greater Grand Crossing	Greater Grand Crossing
73	Greektown	Near West Side
74	Gresham	Auburn Gresham
75	Groveland Park	Douglas
76	Hamilton Park	Englewood
77	Hanson Park	Belmont Cragin
78	Heart of Chicago	Lower West Side
79	Hegewisch	Hegewisch
80	Hermosa	Hermosa
81	Hollywood Park	North Park
82	Homan Square	North Lawndale
83	Humboldt Park	Humboldt Park
84	Hyde Park	Hyde Park
85	Irving Park	Irving Park
86	Irving Woods	Dunning
87	Jackowo	Avondale
88	Jackson Park Highlands	South Shore
89	Jefferson Park	Jefferson Park
90	Kelvyn Park	Hermosa
91	Kennedy Park	Morgan Park
92	Kensington	Roseland
93	Kenwood	Kenwood
94	Kilbourn Park	Irving Park
95	K-Town	North Lawndale
96	Lake Meadows	Douglas
97	Lake View East	Lakeview
98	Lakewood/Balmoral	Edgewater
99	Le Claire Courts	Garfield Ridge
100	Lilydale	Roseland
101	Lincoln Park	Lincoln Park
102	Lincoln Square	Lincoln Square
103	Lithuanian Plaza	Chicago Lawn
104	Little Italy	Near West Side
105	Little Village	South Lawndale
106	Logan Square	Logan Square
107	Longwood Manor	Washington Heights
108	Lower West Side	Lower West Side
109	Loyola	Rogers Park
110	Magnificent Mile	Near North Side
111	Marquette Park	Chicago Lawn
112	Marshall Square	South Lawndale
113	Marynook	Avalon Park
114	Mayfair	Albany Park
115	McKinley Park	McKinley Park
116	Medical Center	Near West Side
117	Middle Edgebrook	Forest Glen
118	Montclare	Montclare
119	Morgan Park	Morgan Park
120	Mount Greenwood	Mount Greenwood
121	Near North Side	Near North Side
122	Near South Side	Near South Side
123	New Chinatown	Uptown
124	New City	New City
125	New Eastside	Loop
126	Noble Square	West Town
127	North Halsted	Lakeview
128	North Lawndale	North Lawndale
129	North Mayfair	Albany Park
130	North Park	North Park
131	North Center	North Center
132	Nortown	West Ridge
133	Norwood Park	Norwood Park
134	Oakland	Oakland
135	O'Hare	O'Hare
136	Old Irving Park	Irving Park
137	Old Norwood	Norwood Park
138	Old Town Triangle	Lincoln Park
139	Old Town Triangle	Near North Side
140	Oriole Park	Norwood Park
141	Palmer Square	Logan Square
142	Park Manor	Greater Grand Crossing
143	Park West	Lincoln Park
144	Parkview	Ashburn
145	Peterson Park	Peterson Woods
146	Pill Hill	Calumet Heights
147	Pilsen	Lower West Side
148	Portage Park	Portage Park
149	Prairie Avenue Historic District	Near South Side
150	Prairie Shores	Douglas
151	Princeton Park	Roseland
152	Printer's Row	Loop
153	Pulaski Park	North Park
154	Pullman	Pullman
155	Ranch Triangle	Lincoln Park
156	Ravenswood	Lincoln Square
157	Ravenswood Gardens	Lincoln Square
158	Ravenswood Manor	Albany Park
159	River North	Near North Side
160	Riverdale	Riverdale
161	Rogers Park	Rogers Park
162	Roscoe Village	North Center
163	Rosehill	West Ridge
164	Roseland	Roseland
165	Rosemoor	Roseland
166	Saint Ben's	North Center
167	Sauganash	Forest Glen
168	Schorsch Forest View	O'Hare
169	Schorsch Village	Dunning
170	Scottsdale	Ashburn
171	Sheffield Neighbors	Lincoln Park
172	Sheridan Park	Uptown
173	Sleepy Hollow	Garfield Ridge
174	Smith Park	West Town
175	South Chicago	South Chicago
176	South Commons	Douglas
177	South Deering	South Deering
178	South Lawndale	South Lawndale
179	South Loop	Loop
180	South Shore	South Shore
181	Stony Island Park	Avalon Park
182	Streeterville	Near North Side
183	Talley's Corner	Mount Greenwood
184	The Gap	Douglas
185	The Gold Coast	Near North Side
186	The Island	Austin
187	The Loop	Loop
188	The Villa	Irving Park
189	Tri-Taylor	Near West Side
190	Ukrainian Village	West Town
191	Union Ridge	Norwood Park
192	University Village	Near West Side
193	Uptown	Uptown
194	Vittum Park	Garfield Ridge
195	Waclawowo	Avondale
196	Washington Heights	Washington Heights
197	Washington Park	Washington Park
198	Wentworth Gardens	Armour Square
199	West Beverly	Beverly
200	West Chesterfield	Chatham
201	West Elsdon	West Elsdon
202	West Englewood	West Englewood
203	West Garfield Park	West Garfield Park
204	West Lakeview	Lakeview
205	West Lawn	West Lawn
206	West Morgan Park	Morgan Park
207	West Pullman	West Pullman
208	West Ridge	West Ridge
209	West Rogers Park	West Ridge
210	West Town	West Town
211	Wicker Park	West Town
212	Wildwood	Forest Glen
213	Woodlawn	Woodlawn
214	Wrightwood	Ashburn
215	Wrightwood Neighbors	Lincoln Park
216	Wrigleyville	Lakeview